Developer job-market data

What developer roles pay and which skills employers are hiring for, tracked from live job postings across the market. Pick a role for its salary band and demand trend, or a skill to see what it pays and how sought-after it is.

Not sure what to learn next? See the highest-leverage skills to learn, ranked by demand, pay, and how hard they are to pass.

Posting counts in the role, skill and country tables are for October 2026, the most recent month tracked from start to finish.

Salaries by role

RoleMedian salaryPostings
Frontend EngineerUS$190,000365
Mobile EngineerUS$179,250344
Security EngineerUS$177,0001,272
Backend EngineerUS$173,750718
Full Stack EngineerUS$165,0001,437
Data ScientistUS$162,9001,013
Engineering Manager£95,000849
DevOps Engineer£78,7501,624
Data Engineer£75,0001,958
Machine Learning Engineer£75,0001,146
QA Engineer£70,000604
Embedded Engineer£65,000401
Software EngineerA$110,0009,889
Data Analyst£55,000688

Highest-paying skills

Skills employers ask for together

The technology pairings that show up most often in the same job posting: the demand signal for what to learn alongside what.

PairingPostings
Databases & SQL + Python30,675
AWS + Python25,563
AWS + Databases & SQL21,145
AI Engineering + Python15,749
Python + System Design15,530
Databases & SQL + System Design14,616
AWS + Docker14,239
Databases & SQL + HTTP & APIs13,656
AWS + System Design13,315
AWS + Kubernetes12,928
Docker + Kubernetes12,827
AWS + CI-CD Pipelines11,682

What kinds of roles are hiring

How current postings break down: the mix of seniority, company stage, and how central system design is to the work.

System-design emphasis

Medium51%
High37%
Low12%

Individual contributor vs lead

Individual contributor69%
Lead / manager31%

Company stage

Enterprise66%
Scale-up27%
Startup8%

Working arrangement

Hybrid47%
On-site33%
Remote20%

Salaries by country

CountryMedian salaryPostings
United StatesUS$168,62012,265
AustraliaA$107,5005,387
United Kingdom£75,0004,291
Canada—31
India—12
Brazil—9
Singapore—9
Ireland—7
Poland—6
Sweden—5
Germany—3
Spain—2
France—2
Netherlands—2
Argentina—1
Japan—1
Mexico—1
Serbia—1
South Korea——

Top-paying tech employers

Employers ranked by the median base wage they disclose on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only employers with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.

Company25thMedian75thFilings
RokuUS$240,125US$376,579US$436,23869
XaiUS$276,138US$343,750US$370,33632
Anthropic PbcUS$263,787US$315,000US$340,000116
Openai OpcoUS$255,000US$310,000US$357,500121
Jane Street GroupUS$256,250US$300,000US$300,00026
AnuttaconUS$216,000US$276,000US$300,00029
Citadel Americas ServicesUS$237,500US$262,500US$275,00028
Citadel Enterprise Americas ServicesUS$237,500US$262,500US$287,50048
People Center Inc D B A RipplingUS$218,750US$262,125US$300,00076
RobloxUS$229,870US$261,250US$289,460227
RedditUS$238,445US$260,000US$288,99587
StubhubUS$217,500US$250,000US$300,00028
XmotorsaiUS$177,500US$245,750US$300,00035
MoveworksUS$194,875US$240,000US$267,50030
Resolve AiUS$200,000US$240,000US$240,00041
DiscordUS$210,100US$239,256US$261,02235
PlaidUS$199,692US$237,579US$269,10030
Citadel Securities Americas ServicesUS$212,500US$237,500US$270,00035
MaplebearUS$202,500US$237,500US$270,00075
Attentive MobileUS$213,750US$232,500US$271,25028
Scale AiUS$204,500US$232,325US$267,50044
ActivehoursUS$199,691US$231,768US$255,29337
OkblUS$176,040US$231,500US$262,59030
AugerUS$205,000US$230,000US$300,00029

Biggest H-1B tech visa sponsors

Employers ranked by how many tech H-1B/LCA filings they disclose: the most active sponsors of international tech hires. Showing the top 24 of 9,383 employers.

Company25thMedian75thFilings
AmazonUS$132,900US$158,300US$182,50017,365
Cognizant Technology SolutionsUS$92,602US$109,886US$126,81810,180
Tata Consultancy ServicesUS$104,659US$109,861US$115,1547,285
MicrosoftUS$155,276US$172,705US$191,8557,180
GoogleUS$162,000US$186,000US$206,0006,829
InfosysUS$89,413US$99,112US$116,3035,026
MetaUS$181,049US$204,467US$228,1514,968
Ernst YoungUS$125,000US$160,614US$206,4244,578
AppleUS$186,487US$220,543US$238,7913,925
Deloitte ConsultingUS$114,500US$142,800US$175,2003,837
Wal Mart AssociatesUS$132,357US$168,795US$193,6513,340
Jpmorgan ChaseUS$140,000US$156,500US$176,6002,631
CapgeminiUS$114,773US$129,990US$143,9782,512
HclUS$91,042US$108,680US$128,7752,450
AccentureUS$153,500US$173,011US$204,4372,449
IbmUS$123,985US$142,689US$170,6022,349
LtimindtreeUS$96,296US$109,846US$121,5622,271
Compunnel Software GroupUS$111,448US$120,000US$137,9002,235
Fidelity Technology Group Llc D B A Fidelity InvestmentsUS$127,889US$138,328US$152,8282,158
WiproUS$86,400US$91,042US$106,3822,055
SalesforceUS$171,434US$205,000US$237,9931,684
MphasisUS$100,000US$120,000US$132,0001,601
NvidiaUS$195,718US$228,618US$256,0771,055
Tech Mahindra AmericasUS$91,375US$105,997US$126,6931,030

The IT-services pay gap

Large IT-services, consulting, and staffing firms disclose a median base wage of US$109,886, which is US$35,409 (32%) below the US$145,295 product and direct-hire employers disclose.

IT-services, consulting & staffing
US$109,886
59,201 filings · 63 employers
Product & direct-hire
US$145,295
248,084 filings · 9,320 employers

Cohorts are a heuristic classification of a curated set of large IT-services, consulting, and staffing filers, matched by employer name; every other sponsor counts as product/direct-hire. Each figure is the filing-weighted median of its cohort’s disclosed base wages. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. It classifies a curated set, not every filer, and is not a judgment of any individual employer.

Highest-paying tech roles

Tech roles ranked by the median base wage disclosed on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only roles with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.

RoleMedian base wage
Engineering ManagerUS$203,000
Machine Learning EngineerUS$188,466
Backend EngineerUS$165,000
Embedded EngineerUS$147,846
Data ScientistUS$143,629
Mobile EngineerUS$140,583
Security EngineerUS$140,000
Software EngineerUS$132,579
Data EngineerUS$128,346
DevOps EngineerUS$120,000
Full Stack EngineerUS$116,938
Frontend EngineerUS$115,000
QA EngineerUS$110,177
Data AnalystUS$100,668

Top-paying tech cities

Metro areas ranked by the median base wage disclosed on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only cities with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.

Metro area25thMedian75thFilings
Yorktown Heights, NYUS$204,592US$229,916US$250,88034
Cupertino, CAUS$184,852US$226,600US$243,5042,003
Los Gatos, CAUS$226,158US$226,158US$264,514254
San Mateo, CAUS$169,407US$213,106US$255,100735
San Francisco, CAUS$168,283US$200,000US$235,0006,825
Menlo Park, CAUS$180,000US$199,004US$229,5012,682
Redwood Shores, CAUS$173,709US$194,405US$232,97085
Foster City, CAUS$162,836US$193,920US$224,404654
Santa Clara, CAUS$160,516US$192,736US$226,3074,087
Sunnyvale, CAUS$166,000US$192,040US$221,6827,740
Mountain View, CAUS$168,000US$190,497US$223,0004,804
Mercer Island, WAUS$163,862US$190,486US$212,40628
Palo Alto, CAUS$165,000US$190,232US$226,1382,108
Burlingame, CAUS$173,000US$190,000US$225,753271
San Jose, CAUS$152,276US$187,500US$223,9636,908
Sammamish, WAUS$149,620US$187,018US$223,833107
Brentwood, CAUS$157,329US$186,834US$211,51226
San Carlos, CAUS$160,901US$185,000US$203,39951
Mill Creek, WAUS$135,700US$184,161US$223,60129
Campbell, CAUS$137,800US$184,142US$217,27081
San Bruno, CAUS$157,000US$183,788US$201,586474
Redwood City, CAUS$155,029US$182,303US$213,512624
East Palo Alto, CAUS$148,400US$180,960US$210,000295
Greenwich, CTUS$149,000US$177,500US$212,47452

Disclosed tech salaries by US state

StateMedian base wage
TexasUS$115,091
CaliforniaUS$182,500
WashingtonUS$164,548
New JerseyUS$125,000
New YorkUS$155,000
North CarolinaUS$124,593
GeorgiaUS$118,487
IllinoisUS$117,500
FloridaUS$114,517
VirginiaUS$125,001
PennsylvaniaUS$112,486
MassachusettsUS$140,000
OhioUS$111,295
MichiganUS$114,000
ArizonaUS$115,488
TennesseeUS$113,578
MissouriUS$111,509
ColoradoUS$133,724
MinnesotaUS$118,685
ConnecticutUS$111,634
MarylandUS$123,656
ArkansasUS$120,000
IndianaUS$105,000
WisconsinUS$109,500
DelawareUS$122,682
OregonUS$139,227
UtahUS$120,865
South CarolinaUS$113,797
KentuckyUS$104,556
KansasUS$106,058
IowaUS$106,070
District of ColumbiaUS$125,279
New HampshireUS$120,210
NebraskaUS$113,703
Rhode IslandUS$123,000
NevadaUS$110,802
AlabamaUS$95,000
OklahomaUS$97,219
LouisianaUS$102,150
IdahoUS$109,577
New MexicoUS$97,822
MississippiUS$97,386
MaineUS$115,250
WyomingUS$90,563
South DakotaUS$87,069
North DakotaUS$87,000
VermontUS$117,105
HawaiiUS$113,000
West VirginiaUS$104,000
Puerto RicoUS$83,998
MontanaUS$131,950
AlaskaUS$72,800
GuamUS$85,134
U.S. Virgin IslandsUS$51,231
Northern Mariana IslandsUS$40,498

How fresh are these postings?

We re-check the job boards we track on every refresh and note when a posting first appeared, how long it stays up, and when the same listing comes back. These are raw counts across 111,042 tracked postings (22,285 still open), not a verdict on any one job.

Typical time a posting stays open7 days
Share of open postings past 30 days9%
Listings reposted under a new ID with identical text11,508
The same listing running on more than one board6
Roles re-listed more than once at the same company13,567

These counts cover only the boards we track, not the whole hiring market, so read them as a sample. A dash means we haven’t seen enough of that signal here yet. A reposted or long-open listing isn’t necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised. So we show what we saw and leave the call to you.

Posting patterns by company

How the busiest employers on the boards we track run their postings: how long a typical role stays open, and how often we saw the same listing come back. These are observations, not a verdict on any employer, measured across 109,237 tracked postings with a named company, through November 2026.

CompanyPostingsMost-listed roleTypical days openRepeat listings
Andurilindustries2,413Software Engineer7 daysreposted 1895 times over 1 month
Spacex2,203Software Engineer7 daysreposted 1702 times over 4 months
Capital One1,678Full Stack Engineer14 daysreposted 1464 times over 4 months
Amazon1,228Software Engineer14 daysreposted 782 times over 4 months
Noir913Software Engineer0 daysreposted 750 times over 3 months
Speechify877Software Engineer7 daysreposted 1573 times over 4 months
Itol Recruit863Software Engineer0 daysreposted 836 times over 4 months
Deloitte800Software Engineer7 daysreposted 907 times over 4 months
Efinancialcareers741Software Engineer0 daysreposted 456 times over 4 months
Jpmorgan Chase731Software Engineer14 daysreposted 124 times over 4 months

Only employers with at least 5 tracked postings appear, since fewer can’t carry a typical figure. A reposted or long-open listing is not necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised, so we show what we saw and leave the call to you.

Where roles sit open longest

The role and location cells whose postings stay open longest across the markets we track, and how often the same listing comes back. These are the roles where a candidate has the most time and leverage. These are observations over the postings we tracked, not a verdict on any employer. As of the week of 9 November 2026.

RoleMarketWhereTypical time openRelistedOpen 30+ daysPostings
Mobile EngineerUnited StatesSan Francisco5.8 weeks28.2%51.6%117
DevOps EngineerUnited KingdomCambridge4.7 weeks12.9%50.0%31
Full Stack EngineerUnited KingdomGlasgow4.7 weeks33.3%52.9%51
Frontend EngineerUnited StatesBoston3.9 weeks27.5%50.0%69
Backend EngineerUnited KingdomRemote Uk3.8 weeks24.6%50.0%57
Frontend EngineerUnited StatesSan Francisco3.8 weeks27.8%34.8%241
Embedded EngineerUnited StatesSan Francisco3.8 weeks18.0%41.7%78
Full Stack EngineerAustraliaPerth3.5 weeks8.8%16.7%57
Full Stack EngineerUnited KingdomManchester3.3 weeks21.0%35.0%167
Embedded EngineerUnited StatesAustin3 weeks25.9%31.0%135
DevOps EngineerUnited StatesBoston3 weeks23.8%44.9%269
Frontend EngineerUnited StatesAustin3 weeks21.3%29.6%75

Only cells with at least 30 tracked postings appear, since fewer can’t carry a typical figure. A long-open or reposted listing is not necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised, so we show what we saw and leave the call to you.

Dossiers, bulletin, and open data

Quarter-grain trend reporting with disclosed methodology: a hiring dossier per market we collect (Australia, United States, United Kingdom), the dated Global Tech Hiring Bulletin, and the CC-BY datasets behind the published figures.

Vacancy and salary data includes Adzuna.

Disclosed wage data from the U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC.

What moved, monthly

One email a month when the bulletin comes out: what moved in the markets we track, and the new question topics we published. Confirm your address to join. Unsubscribe any time.